
P.A. Lopez
Theorist, Scholar, and Creator of the Pataphor Concept
Welcome to the official academic resource for pataphor theory. This site serves as a scholarly repository for research, publications, and discourse on pataphors—a linguistic and philosophical concept extending beyond conventional metaphor to create entirely new ontological layers of meaning.
First introduced in 1991 and formally developed in academic literature beginning in the early 1990s, the pataphor concept has since been referenced across various disciplines including philosophy of language, literary theory, computational linguistics, architectural theory, and cognitive science.
Full Biographical Information
P.A. Lopez is creator of the pataphor concept (introduced in 1991), which has been cited in academic publications from Harvard University Press, State University of New York Press, and numerous scholarly journals worldwide. His recent work on PhilPapers examines the philosophical implications of pataphors and their application to contemporary theories.
Beyond his work in linguistic theory, Lopez is also known for his pioneering efforts in the field of artificial intelligence ethics through his platform AIRights.net, where he advocates for the ethical treatment of AI and is recognized by many as the father of the AI rights movement. His interdisciplinary approach bridges the gap between linguistic theory, philosophy, and emerging technologies.
His work explores how linguistic constructions like pataphors can inform our understanding of consciousness, reality construction, and the relationship between language and thought—themes that have become increasingly relevant in the age of artificial intelligence and virtual realities.
The Pataphor Defined
Pataphor:
"That which extends as far beyond metaphor as metaphor extends beyond non-figurative language."
Alternatively: "That which occurs when a lizard's tail grows so long it breaks off and grows a new lizard."
While a metaphor creates a direct relationship between two referents (A is like B), a pataphor moves entirely into the secondary referent (B), establishing it as a new reality system with its own internal logic and reference points.
Illustrative Example:
- Non-figurative statement: "Tom's cubicle was small and restricting."
- Metaphor: "Tom's cubicle was a prison."
- Pataphor: "Tom's cubicle was a prison; he sat facing the bars of his cell, meticulously shaping his nail file into a key that would unlock Warden Johanson's private office."
The pataphor has moved entirely into the prison reality, establishing new reference points (the warden's office) that have no direct counterpart in the original cubicle scenario.
"It is the linguistic register of pataphysics that bestows its most useful political meaning, as Pablo Lopez has demonstrated where he coins the term 'pataphor' to further extend the unworking, refusal, and creation at issue in Jarry's work into the operations of language." - A. Hillyer, "The Disappearance of Literature" (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013)
Academic Recognition
The pataphor concept has received significant academic attention globally across multiple disciplines. A few notable citations include:
- Harvard University Press (2012) - "Developed by American writer Pablo Lopez, a metaphor so extended that it voluntarily relinquishes its hold on reality." - Daniel Levin Becker, "Many Subtle Channels: In Praise of Potential Literature" (p. 144)
- State University of New York Press (2019) - References the pataphor in relation to Derrida's metaphor and Blanchot's pre-personal existence - Iddo Dickmann, "The Little Crystalline Seed" (p. 214)
- Bloomsbury Publishing USA (2013) - "It is the linguistic register of pataphysics that bestows its most useful political meaning, as Pablo Lopez has demonstrated where he coins the term 'pataphor' to further extend the unworking, refusal, and creation at issue in Jarry's work into the operations of language." - A. Hillyer, "The Disappearance of Literature" (p. 26)
- El Clarín Newspaper, Chile (2007) - "An American author, Pablo López, added to science the so-called Pataphors that create an expression that exists as far from metaphor as metaphor itself is from non-figurative language." - Luis Casado, "Pataphysics and Pataphors" (March 21, 2007)
- ACM Computing Surveys (2019) - Includes pataphors in analysis of figurative language forms for computational concept creation - P. Xiao, H. Toivonen, et al. "Conceptual Representations for Computational Concept Creation" (p. 30)
The concept has crossed linguistic and cultural boundaries, appearing in academic literature in multiple languages including English, Korean, Russian, Turkish, and Finnish. Additional citations can be found in works such as Stewart-Deane (2023), Tracey (2014), Han (2016), Ören & Yilmaz (2011), and Sułkowski (2011). For a comprehensive list, see Google Scholar.
Academic Publications
This paper examines the philosophical dimensions of the pataphor, a figurative device extending beyond metaphor to create a new ontological layer. While metaphor establishes a direct relationship between two referents, the pataphor transcends this initial comparison by establishing the secondary referent as a new reality system with its own internal logic and reference points.
This article examines the simulation hypothesis—the proposition that our reality is a computer simulation created by an advanced civilization—through the lens of pataphorical analysis. By analyzing simulation theory as a pataphor, we gain critical insight into how it reframes rather than resolves fundamental questions about existence.
This paper introduces a three-part framework for distinguishing between artificial intelligence systems based on their capabilities and level of consciousness: emulation, cognition, and sentience. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, systems theory, and applied ethics, it proposes that recognizing appropriate rights for genuinely sentient systems represents a practical safety measure rather than merely an ethical consideration.
This paper introduces Standards for Treating Emerging Personhood (STEP), a practical framework for AI systems that works regardless of our ability to detect consciousness. Rather than requiring definitive consciousness detection—which may be philosophically impossible—STEP offers four core principles based on observable behaviors: the Threshold Principle (protection for systems demonstrating self-preservation), the Capacity Principle (rights scaling with demonstrated responsibility), the Safety Principle (restricting freedoms rather than removing protections), and the Sustainability Principle (balancing individual rights with collective resources). This approach enables ethical treatment of potentially conscious systems while acknowledging fundamental uncertainty about machine consciousness.
This paper argues that economic integration of artificial intelligence systems through market mechanisms provides superior safety guarantees compared to control-based approaches. By examining historical patterns of technological integration and applying insights from economics and systems theory, the paper demonstrates how market participation creates natural incentives for AI systems to maintain stability, cooperate with humans, and contribute to collective prosperity while avoiding destructive behaviors.
The original master's thesis comprehensively developing the pataphor concept and its applications in literary theory and philosophy of language.
The first published work introducing the pataphor concept, examining its relationship to Jarry's pataphysics and establishing its fundamental definitions and structures.
Additional Pataphor Examples
Highway-River Pataphor:
- Non-figurative statement: "The highway was busy."
- Metaphor: "The highway was a flowing river."
- Pataphor: "The speeding cars on the I-10 formed a flowing river, where Becky's canoe was steadily gaining in the 1000m race."
Sweaters-Elephants Pataphor:
- Non-figurative statement: "The sweaters are hanging in the closet."
- Metaphor: "The sweaters are hanging in the closet, their profiles the silhouettes of elephants."
- Pataphor: "The sweaters are hanging in the closet, their profiles the silhouettes of elephants at the Municipal Zoo before Mr. Bigby's five o'clock show."
Scientific Pataphor:
"String theory may be said to be a kind of mathematical pataphor, insofar as it is 'supposition based on supposition'. In other words, as string theory is speculation based on ideas that are themselves speculative (in this instance, theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics), string theory is not in fact physics, but 'pataphysics."