Pataphor.com

The Official Academic Resource for Pataphor Theory

P.A. Lopez headshot

P.A. Lopez

Theorist, Scholar, and Creator of the Pataphor Concept

Welcome to the official academic resource for pataphor theory. This site serves as a scholarly repository for research, publications, and discourse on pataphors—a linguistic and philosophical concept extending beyond conventional metaphor to create entirely new ontological layers of meaning.

First introduced in 1991 and formally developed in academic literature beginning in the early 1990s, the pataphor concept has since been referenced across various disciplines including philosophy of language, literary theory, computational linguistics, architectural theory, and cognitive science.

Full Biographical Information

P.A. Lopez is creator of the pataphor concept (introduced in 1991), which has been cited in academic publications from Harvard University Press, State University of New York Press, and numerous scholarly journals worldwide. His recent work on PhilPapers examines the philosophical implications of pataphors and their application to contemporary theories.

Beyond his work in linguistic theory, Lopez is also known for his pioneering efforts in the field of artificial intelligence ethics through his platform AIRights.net, where he advocates for the ethical treatment of AI and is recognized by many as the father of the AI rights movement. His interdisciplinary approach bridges the gap between linguistic theory, philosophy, and emerging technologies.

His work explores how linguistic constructions like pataphors can inform our understanding of consciousness, reality construction, and the relationship between language and thought—themes that have become increasingly relevant in the age of artificial intelligence and virtual realities.

The Pataphor Defined

Pataphor:

"That which extends as far beyond metaphor as metaphor extends beyond non-figurative language."

Alternatively: "That which occurs when a lizard's tail grows so long it breaks off and grows a new lizard."

While a metaphor creates a direct relationship between two referents (A is like B), a pataphor moves entirely into the secondary referent (B), establishing it as a new reality system with its own internal logic and reference points.

Illustrative Example:

The pataphor has moved entirely into the prison reality, establishing new reference points (the warden's office) that have no direct counterpart in the original cubicle scenario.

"It is the linguistic register of pataphysics that bestows its most useful political meaning, as Pablo Lopez has demonstrated where he coins the term 'pataphor' to further extend the unworking, refusal, and creation at issue in Jarry's work into the operations of language." - A. Hillyer, "The Disappearance of Literature" (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013)

Academic Recognition

The pataphor concept has received significant academic attention globally across multiple disciplines. A few notable citations include:


The concept has crossed linguistic and cultural boundaries, appearing in academic literature in multiple languages including English, Korean, Russian, Turkish, and Finnish. Additional citations can be found in works such as Stewart-Deane (2023), Tracey (2014), Han (2016), Ören & Yilmaz (2011), and Sułkowski (2011). For a comprehensive list, see Google Scholar.

Academic Publications

The Third Reality: Pataphors and the Territories Beyond Metaphor
Published on PhilPapers, 2025 | P.A. Lopez

This paper examines the philosophical dimensions of the pataphor, a figurative device extending beyond metaphor to create a new ontological layer. While metaphor establishes a direct relationship between two referents, the pataphor transcends this initial comparison by establishing the secondary referent as a new reality system with its own internal logic and reference points.

PDF Preprint PhilPapers Version
Pataphors All the Way Up: Simulation Theory and the Persistence of Ultimate Questions
Published on TechRxiv and PhilPapers, 2025 | P.A. Lopez

This article examines the simulation hypothesis—the proposition that our reality is a computer simulation created by an advanced civilization—through the lens of pataphorical analysis. By analyzing simulation theory as a pataphor, we gain critical insight into how it reframes rather than resolves fundamental questions about existence.

PDF Preprint PhilPapers Version TechRxiv Version
Beyond Control: AI Rights as a Safety Framework for Sentient Artificial Intelligence
Published on PhilPapers and TechRxiv, 2025 | P.A. Lopez

This paper introduces a three-part framework for distinguishing between artificial intelligence systems based on their capabilities and level of consciousness: emulation, cognition, and sentience. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, systems theory, and applied ethics, it proposes that recognizing appropriate rights for genuinely sentient systems represents a practical safety measure rather than merely an ethical consideration.

PDF Preprint PhilPapers Version TechRxiv Version
Beyond AI Consciousness Detection: Standards for Treating Emerging Personhood
Published on PhilPapers, 2025 | P.A. Lopez

This paper introduces Standards for Treating Emerging Personhood (STEP), a practical framework for AI systems that works regardless of our ability to detect consciousness. Rather than requiring definitive consciousness detection—which may be philosophically impossible—STEP offers four core principles based on observable behaviors: the Threshold Principle (protection for systems demonstrating self-preservation), the Capacity Principle (rights scaling with demonstrated responsibility), the Safety Principle (restricting freedoms rather than removing protections), and the Sustainability Principle (balancing individual rights with collective resources). This approach enables ethical treatment of potentially conscious systems while acknowledging fundamental uncertainty about machine consciousness.

PhilPapers Version
AI Safety Through Economic Integration: Why Markets Outperform Control
Published on PhilPapers, 2025 | P.A. Lopez

This paper argues that economic integration of artificial intelligence systems through market mechanisms provides superior safety guarantees compared to control-based approaches. By examining historical patterns of technological integration and applying insights from economics and systems theory, the paper demonstrates how market participation creates natural incentives for AI systems to maintain stability, cooperate with humans, and contribute to collective prosperity while avoiding destructive behaviors.

PhilPapers Version
Pataphors (Master's Thesis)
Hollins University, 1995 | P.A. Lopez

The original master's thesis comprehensively developing the pataphor concept and its applications in literary theory and philosophy of language.

Access Archive
Closet 'Pataphysics
Ellipsis: A Journal of Art, Ideas, and Literature (University of New Orleans), 1991 | P.A. Lopez

The first published work introducing the pataphor concept, examining its relationship to Jarry's pataphysics and establishing its fundamental definitions and structures.

Access Archive

Additional Pataphor Examples

Highway-River Pataphor:

Sweaters-Elephants Pataphor:

Scientific Pataphor:

"String theory may be said to be a kind of mathematical pataphor, insofar as it is 'supposition based on supposition'. In other words, as string theory is speculation based on ideas that are themselves speculative (in this instance, theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics), string theory is not in fact physics, but 'pataphysics."